The study is in the area of psychology
analysis. Davidoff (1976: 2) explains that psychology is the science of
behavior. While behavior itself is any human or animal process or activity that
can be objectively observed or measured. The definition of behavior includes
thoughts, feelings, dreams, and anything a person does or experiences. On the
area of psychology, psychologists have observed some phenomena such as
thoughts, sensations, emotions, needs, motives, personality characteristics,
and capabilities that cannot be observed or measured directly. These phenomena
are called hypothetical constructs (Davidoff 1976: 2)
Psychology happens in human mind, which will
give the impact on people’s activities every day. We can learn the
psychological study not only in the character of human in real life but also in
such literary works, like novel, short story, poem, etc. According to William
Henry as cited by Hardjana (1991: 59), psychology enters the area of literary
criticism through four ways: (1) discussion about the process of literary
creation, (2) psychological analysis of the author (either as a type or as a
person), (3) discussion about psychological theories applicable to the analysis
of the character’s behavior in literary works, (4) the influence of literary
works on the readers.
Rees (1973: 20) states that literature is a
writing which expresses and communicates thoughts or ideas, feeling or
emotions, and attitude towards life. It means that through literature, we know
other people’s feelings, thoughts, and attitude’s in the written form of
language.
Kiel (1974: 9) states that fiction, as a part
of literature, can be pointed as a fruitful field for exploration in the study
of human personality. In psychology insight, the writers usually know many
things between heaven and earth that the academic wisdom does not dream about.
Great writers know how to give a unified picture of a whole personality trough
minute observation of meaningful expression, a characteristic mannerism, or
unconscious habit. It can be said that there is an intimate relationship between
psychology and literature. Psychology helps to clarify some literary problems
and literature presents insight to psychology. According to Henry L in his book
entitled Psychology (1984:423), there are two classification of emotion as
follows:
(1) Positive emotions (i.e. joy, love, and
sexual excitement) (2) Negative emotions (i.e. anger, fear, sadness, and grief)
from the categories above, the writer will focus only on the positive emotion
that is love. Love is the most complex and important thing from all human
emotions (Tressider, 1997: 1). Love is a prominence and virtue based on the
human life. The supreme value of human virtue is out poured from their regard
to the life itself. In this case, the reality of a certain person or individual
development always has direct relation to the attention and relation of
conscious inter-subject. It can be described that life flows from and within
love.
Along the history, for the sake of love,
people are willing to ignore their importance; they even sacrificing their life
to show the expressions of their love to others. If we love someone or our
homeland for example, we will do anything for them. The Return of the Native is
one of many novels that tells about it. The sacrifice and love are still found
all over the countries in the world, including in our country, and is still
relevant to be analyzed at the present life. Therefore, I interested in the
novel that reveals these human values that is love and sacrifice.
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